Review Questions- Orders Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, and Sirenia
 1.  Elephants are placed in the order
      ______________.
 2. Hyraxes are placed in the order
     ______________.
 3. The dugong and the manatees are
     are placed in the order ___________.


 
 4. Members of the order ___________
     represent the largest living
     terrestrial mammals.
 5. Members of the order ___________
     never leave the water.
 6. Proboscideans, hyracoideans, and
     sirenians are usually grouped together
     as ___________ based on
     evolutionary relationships.
 7.  Proboscideans, hyracoideans, and
      sirenians are often grouped together
      (along with tenrecs, golden moles,
      and the aardvark) in the clade
      _____________.


     
 8. The ungulates and the subungulates
     are derived from the _____________,
     an ancestral order of land mammals
     that arose about 65 mya in the early
     Paleocene.
 9. The _____________ ("near-ungulates")
     are a condylarthan group that gave rise
     to the Proboscidea, Sirenia, and
     Hyracoidea by the early Eocene epoch
     of Africa (about 54 mya).
10.  List 12 anatomical characteristics shared
       by the subungulates.  (Mention any
       exceptions).
11. What is a bicornate uterus?
12.  Elephants are placed in the
       family ___________.
13.  Name the two species of elephant.
14.  Where does the African elephant
        occur?
15.  Where does the Asian elephant
        occur?
16. How are the two species of
      elephant different from each other?
17.  Name the two subspecies of the
       African elephant and indicate
       where each subspecies occurs.
18. Name the four subspecies of
      the Asian elephant.  Indicate where
      each of these subspecies occurs.
19.  List 12 general characteristics of
       elephants.
20.  List 14 morphological characteristics of
       elephants.
21.  In elephants, which teeth form the
       tusks?
22.  In elephants, how are the cheekteeth
       replaced?
23.  In elephants, the third and final
       molars come in at about age ______.
24.  Hyraxes are placed in the
       order _________ and the
       family __________.
25.  Hyraxes superficially resemble
       _____________.
26.  To what genus do each of  the
       following belong?


       a. rock hyraxes


       b. bush hyraxes



       c. tree hyraxes
27.  Terrestrial hyraxes (circle one or more of the
        following options)

        a. are diurnal
        b. are crepuscular
        c. are nosturnal
        d. are solitary
        e. form large colonies
28. Tree hyraxes (circle one or more of the
       following)
 
        a. are diurnal
        b. are crepuscular
        c. are nocturnal
        d. are solitary
        e. form large colonies


      

29.  All hyraxes are

       a. carnivorous
       b. herbivorous
       c. omnivorous
       d. sanguinivorous
       e. none of the above
30.  List several morphological
       characteristics of hyraxes.




















       In hyraxes, is the molarifrom
       dentition replaced horizontally?



       
31.  Name the two families contained
       in the order Sirenia.






 
32.  In what kinds of habitat do
       sirenians occur?
33.  List several morphological
       characteristics of the order
       Sirenia.
34.  Dugongs are placed in the
       family _____________.
35.  List several morphological
       characterisitcs of the family
       Dugongidae.
36.  Steller's sea cow is placed in the
       family _____________.

       It became extinct by about
       ___________.


       How did it differ from extant
       sirenians?
37.  The manatees are placed in the
       family ___________.


       
38.  How do manatees differ from
       the dugong?