-- LUCAN, CIVIL WARS:  SECONDARY SOURCES --

Ahl, Frederick M.  Lucan:  An Introduction.  Vol. 39 in Cornell Studies in Classical Philology.  Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. Pr., 1976.

-----.  "Pharsalus and the Pharsalia."  Classica et Mediaevalia 29 (1968), 124-61.

-----.  "The Pivot of the Pharsalia."  Hermes 102 (1974), 305-20.

-----.  "The Shadows of a Divine Presence in the Pharsalia." Hermes 102 (1974), 567-90.

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Barratt, Pamela.  M. Annaei Lucani Belli Civilis liber V:  A Commentary.  Amsterdam:  Hakkert, 1979.

Barrenechea, Francisco.  "The Star Signs at Brundisium:  Astral Symbolism in Lucan 2.691-2."  Classical Quarterly 54 (2004), 312-17.

Bartsch, Shadi.  Ideology in Cold Blood:  A Reading of Lucan's Civil War.  Cambridge, Mass.:  Harvard Univ. Pr., 1997.

Basore, J. W.  "Direct Speech in Lucan as an Element of Epic Technique." Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 35 (1904), XCIV-XCVI.

Batinski, E. E.  "Lucan's Catalogue of Caesar's Troops:  Paradox and Convention."  Classical Journal 88 (1992), 19-24.

Bell, A. A. Jr.  "Fact and Exemplum in Accounts of the Deaths of Pompey and Caesar."  Latomus 53 (1994), 824-36.

Bonner, S. F.  "Lucan and the Declamation Schools."  American Journal of Philology 87 (1966), 257-89.

Bramble, J. C.  "Lucan."  533-57 in The Cambridge History of Classical Literature.  Ed.  E. J. Kenney and W. V. Clausen.  Vol. II, Latin Literature.  New York:  Cambridge Univ. Pr., 1982.

Bruère, Richard T.  "The Scope of Lucan's Historical Epic." Classical Philology 45 (1950), 217-35.

Burns, Alfred.  "Pompey's Strategy and Domitius' Stand at Corfinium." Historia 15 (1966), 74-95.

Champin, E.  "The Life and Times of Calpurnius Piso."  Mediaevalia Humanistica 46 (1989), 1-124.

Clauser, Mark Douglas.  "Lucan's Erictho and the Roman Witch Tradition."  PhD Dissertation.  Ohio State Univ., 1993.

Cluett, Ronald George Andrew.  "The Posthumous Reputation of Pompey the Great (Roman Republic)."  PhD Dissertation.  Princeton Univ., 1994.

Crane, Theodore.  "The Imagery of Suicide in Lucan's De Bello Civili."  PhD Dissertation.  Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1964.

Dewar, Michael.  "Laying It On with a Trowel:  The Proem to Lucan and Related Texts."  Classical Quarterly 44 (1994), 199-211.

Dick, Bernard F.  "Fatum and Fortuna in Lucan's Bellum Civile."  Classical Philology 62 (1967), 235-42.

-----.  "The Technique of Prophecy in Lucan."  Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 94 (1963), 37-49.

-----.  "The Role of the Oracle in Lucan's De Bello Civili." Hermes 93 (1965), 460-66.

Dilke, O. A. W.  "Lucan's Political Views and the Caesars."  62-82 in Neronians and Flavians.  Ed.  D. R. Dudley.  Boston:  Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1972.

Due, O. S.  "An Essay on Lucan."  Classica et Mediaevalia 23 (1962), 68-132.

Dyson, S.  "Caepio, Tacitus and Lucan's Sacred Grove."  Classical Philology 65 (1970), 36-38.

Fantham, Elaine.  "Caesar and the Mutiny:  Lucan's Reshaping of the Historical Tradition in De Ballo Civili 5.237-373." Classical Philology 80 (1985), 119-31.

-----.  "Lucan's Medusa Excursus:  Its Design and Purpose." Materiali e discussioni 29 (1992), 95-119.

Frank, E.  "The Structure and Scope of Lucan's De Ballo Civili." Classical Bulletin 46 (1970), 59-61.

George, David B.  "Lucan's Cato and Stoic Attitudes to the Republic." Classical Antiquities 10.2 (1991), 237-58.

Goebel, George H.  "Rhetorical and Poetical Thinking in Lucan's Harangues (7.250-382)."  Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 111 (1981), 79-94.

Gordon, R.  "Lucan's Erictho."  231-41 in Homo Viator:  Classical Essays for John Bramble  Ed. M. Whitby and P. R. Hardie.  Bristol:  Bristol Classical, 1987.

Green, C. M. C.  "The Necessary Murder:  Myth, Ritual, and Civil War in Lucan, Book 3."  Classical Antiquities 13 (1994), 203-33.

Gresseth, Gerald K.  "The Quarrel Between Lucan and Nero." Classical Philology 52 (1957), 24-27.

Gwatkin, W. E.  "Pompey on the Eve of Pharsalus."  Classical Bulletin 33 (1957), 39-41.

Haag, Roland Francis.  "Civil War and the Citizen:  Deviations From Some Political Norms in Lucan."  PhD Dissertation.  Ohio State Univ., 1978.

Håkanson, L.  "Problems of Textual Criticism and Interpretation in Lucan's De Bello Civili."  Proceedings, Cambridge Philological Society 25 (1979), 26-51.

Heinrich, Alan John.  "Violence in Narrative:  Imperium and Identity in Roman Epic."  PhD Dissertation.  State Univ. of New York at Buffalo, 1996.

Henderson, John G. W.  "Lucan:  The Word at War." Ramus 16 (1987), 122-64.

-----.  Fighting for Rome:  Poets and Caesars, History and Civil War.  New York:  Cambridge Univ. Pr., 1998.

Holliday, Vivian Loyrea.  "Pompey in Cicero's 'Letters" and Lucan's Bellum Civile."  PhD Dissertation.  Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1961.

Hübner, U.  "Hypallage in Lucan's Pharsalia." Hermes 100 (1972), 577-600.

Hudson-Williams A.  "Lucan, 1.76-7."  Classical Review 66 (1952), 68-69.

Hunink, Vincent.  M. Annaeus Lucanus Bellum Civile Book III:  A Commentary.  Amsterdam:  John Benjamins Pub. Co., 1992.

Jenkinson, J. R.  "Sarcasm in Lucan, 1.33-66."  Classical Review 24 (1974), 8-9.

Jiménez, Ramon L.  Caesar Against Rome:  The Great Roman Civil War.  Westport, Conn.:  Praeger, 2000.

Johnson, Walter R.  Momentary Monsters:  Lucan and His Heroes.  Vol. 47 in Cornell Studies in Classical Philosophy.  Ithaca, N.Y.:  Cornell Univ. Pr., 1987.

Jordan, Jonathan W.  "Battle of Pharsalus."  Military History 17,6 (Feb. 2001), 51-57.

Kebric, R. B.  "Lucan's Snake Episode:  A Historical Model." Latomus 35 (1976), 380-82.

Keitel, Elizabeth.  "Principate and Civil Wars in the Annals of Tacitus."  American Journal of Philology 105 (1984), 306-25.

Kubiak, David B.  Lucan Bellum Civile Nine.  From the Latin Commentaries Series.  Bryn Mawr Commentaries, 1985.

Langguth, A. J.  A Noise of War:  Caesar, Pompey, Octavian and the Struggle for Rome.  New York:  Simon and Schuster, 1994.

Lapidge, M.  "Lucan's Imagery of Cosmic Dissolution."  Hermes 107 (1979), 344-70.

Leigh, Matthew.  Lucan:  Spectacle and Engagement.  New York:  Oxford Univ. Pr., 1997.

-----.  "Lucan and the Libyan Tale."  Journal of Roman Studies 90 (2000), 95-109.

Liebeschutz, J. H. W. G.  "The System Rejected:  Lucan's Pharsalia."  140-55 in Continuity and Change in Roman Religion.  New York:  Oxford Univ. Pr., 1979.

Lintott, A. W.  "Lucan and the History of the Civil War." Classical Quarterly 21 (1971), 488-505.

Lounsbury, R.  "The Death of Domitius in the Pharsalia." Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 105 (1975), 209-12.

-----.  "History and Motive in Book Seven of Lucan's Pharsalia." Hermes 104 (1976), 210-39.

-----.  "Lucan, the Octavia, and Domitius Nero."  Latomus Studies in Latin Literature 4 (1986), 499-520.

Lucan:  De Bello Civili, Book II.  Ed.  Elaine Fantham.  New York:  Cambridge Univ. Pr., 1992.

Mackay, L. A.  "Lucan, 1.76-7."  Classical Review 3 (1953), 145.

-----.  "Lucan, I, 280-285."  American Journal of Philology 79 (Apr. 1958), 183-87.

Makowski, John. F.  "Oracula mortis in the Pharsalia." Classical Philology 72 (1977), 193-202.

-----.  "Death and Liberty in Lucan's Pharsalia."  PhD Dissertation.  Princeton Univ., 1974.

Marti, Berthe.  "The Meaning of the Pharsalia."  American Journal of Philology 66 (1945), 352-76.

-----.  "Tragic History and Lucan's Pharsalia."  165-204 in Classical, Medieval, and Renaissance Studies in Honor of Berthold Louis Ullman.  Ed. C. Henderson, Jr.  Vol. I.  Rome:  1964.

-----.  "Lucan's Narrative Techniques."  Parola del passato 30 (1975), 74-90.

Martindale, Charles A.  "Paradox, Hyperbole, and Literary Novelty in Lucan's De Bello Civili."  Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 23 (1976), 45-54.

-----.  "Three Notes on Lucan VI."  Mnemosyne 30 (1977), 375-87.

-----.  "Lucan's Nekuia."  367-77 in Studies in Latin Literature and Roman History.  Ed. C. Deroux.  Collection Latomus 168.  Brussels:  Latomus, 1980.

-----.  "Lucan's Hercules:  Padding or Paradigm?  A Note on De bello civili 4.589-660."  Symbolae Osloenses 56 (1981), 71-80.

-----.  "The Politician Lucan."  Greece and Rome 31 (1984), 64-79.

Masters, Jamie.  Poetry and Civil War in Lucan's Bellum Civile.  From Cambridge Classical Studies.  New York:  Cambridge Univ. Pr., 1992.

-----.  "Deceiving the Reader:  The Political Mission of Lucan's Bellum Civile."  151-77 in Reflections of Nero:  Culture, History, and Representation.  Ed.  Jás Elsner and Jamie Masters.  Chapel Hill:  Univ. of North Carolina Pr., 1994.

Mayer, R.  "On Lucan and Nero."  Bulletin, Institute of Classical Studies 25 (1978), 85-88.

-----.  "Pharsalica damna."  Mnemosyne 4th series, 32 (1979), 338-59.

Messer, W. S.  "Mutiny in the Roman Army in the Republic." Classical Philology 15 (1920), 158-75.

Millar, Fergus.  The Crowd in Rome in the Late Republic.  Ann Arbor:  Univ. of Michigan Pr., 1998.

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Morford, M. P. O.  The Poet Lucan.  New York:  Oxford Univ. Pr., 1967.

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-----.  "The Purpose of Lucan's 9th Book."  Latomus 26 (1967), 123-29.

Morgan, J. D.  "Palaepharsalus--The Battle and the Town." American Journal of Archaeology 87 (1983), 23-54.

Murdock, James Raymond.  "Fatum and Fortuna in Lucan's Bellum Civile."  PhD Dissertation.  Yale Univ., 1970.

Newmyer, S.  "Imagery as a Means of Character Portrayal in Lucan."  226-52 in Studies in Latin Literature and Roman History.  Ed. Carl. Deroux.  Vol. III.  Collection Latomus, 180.   Brussels:  Latomus, 1983.

Nock, A. D.  "The Proem of Lucan."  Classical Review 40 (1926), 17-18.

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O'Gorman, Ellen.  "Shifting Ground:  Lucan, Tacitus, and the Landscape of Civil War."  Hermathena 159 (1995), 117-31.

O'Higgins, Dolores.  "Lucan as vates."  Classical Antiquity 7 (1988), 208-26.

Ormand, Kirk.  "Lucan's Auctor Vix Fidelis."  Classical Antiquity 13 (1994), 38-55.

Owen-Eldred, Katherine.  "Reading Violence in Lucan's Pharsalia."  PhD Dissertation.  Princeton Univ., 1997.

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Phillips, O. C.  "Lucan's Grove."  Classical Philology 63 (1968), 296-300.

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Roessler-Gray, Karen.  "A World in Chaos:  A Study of Absurdity in Lucan's Bellum Civile."  PhD Dissertation.  Florida State Univ., 1974.

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Rosner-Siegel, Judith A.  "The Oak and the Lightning:  Lucan, Bellum Civile 1.135-57."  Athenaeum 61 (1983), 165-77.

Rossi, Andreola.  "Remapping the Past:  Caesar's Tale of Troy (Lucan BC 9.964-999)."  Phoenix 55 (2001), 313-26.

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-----.  "Lucan and Civil War."  Classical Philology 28 (1933), 121-27.

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-----.  "Curio and Antaeus:  The African Episode of Lucan Pharsalia 4."  Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 112 (1982), 169-77.

-----.  "Wine, Blood, and Water:  The Imagery of Lucan Pharsalia 4.148-401."  Eranos 84 (1986), 149-56.

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Sklenar, Robert John.  "Virtus in Lucan."  PhD Dissertation.  Univ. of Michigan, 1996.

-----.  The Taste for Nothingness:  A Study of "Virtus" and Related Themes in Lucan's Bellum Civile.  Ann Arbor:  Univ. of Mich. Pr., 2003.

Stevenson, Walter N.  "Bella Plus Quam Civila:  Lucan's Concept of Civil War."  PhD Dissertation.  Brown Univ., 1990.

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